Signs of good health

Spend some time each day observing your puppy. This way you will become familiar with your puppy's specific traits and features and you will be better able to spot changes if they occur.

When you visit your veterinarian, be sure to bring up any questions or concerns regarding your puppy's health. To help you determine if there are abnormalities you need to discuss with your veterinarian, review the lists of what's normal and what's not normal.

What's normal

Eyes: Should be bright and clear. Report any discharge to your veterinarian.

Ears: Should be clean and free of discharge, odour and redness. Untreated ear problems are painful and can cause hearing loss.

Nose: Should be clean, without discharge or sores.

Mouth: Should smell fresh. Gums should be pink. Teeth should be free of tartar or plaque. Mouth and lips should be free of sores or growths.

Coat: Should be shiny and clean.

Weight: Active, playful puppies are rarely overweight. Ask your veterinarian for nutritional advice on maintaining your dog's healthy weight.

Bladder/Bowel: Report changes in the frequency or consistency of your puppy's urine or stool to your veterinarian immediately.

What's not normal

Diarrhea: This common ailment can be caused by many factors, including bacteria, viruses, internal parasites, toxic substances, too much food or psychological upsets. Call your veterinarian if stools are bloody, if there is a large volume of watery stools, if your pet is thin or potbellied, or if the diarrhea continues for more than 24 hours.

Constipation: Like diarrhea, constipation can be caused by many factors, including ingesting substances such as hair, bones or foreign materials. It may also be a result of disease or insufficient water intake. Your veterinarian may recommend blood tests, x-rays or perform other tests to find the cause.

Vomiting: It is not uncommon for a pet to vomit occasionally, but frequent or persistent vomiting is not normal. Call your veterinarian if vomiting occurs more than five times in a few hours, if large volumes are vomited, if the vomit contains blood or if the vomiting is accompanied by diarrhea or abdominal pain.

Abnormal Urination: Straining to urinate or bloody urine may indicate a painful infection of the urinary tract. Contact your veterinarian immediately

Print lesson notes